Health Benefits of Sauna after cancer
The health effects of regular sauna bathing, particularly the traditional Finnish dry sauna, have been the subject of considerable research, it’s important to note that many findings come from large observational studies conducted in Finland. It’s important to note that while these studies show strong associations between sauna use and certain health outcomes, they don’t necessarily prove direct causation.
For decades, anecdotal reports have suggested saunas may offer protective benefits against cancer or support during treatment. However, current scientific evidence does not conclusively establish sauna use as an effective measure for cancer prevention or as a complementary therapy for those undergoing cancer treatment. However, the 2019 Finnish study found no associated reduction in cancer risk, observing no difference between groups with varying sauna usage. The study’s lack of a non-sauna control group limits its applicability to the general population but underscores the need for more diverse research before drawing conclusions about saunas and cancer.
The potential benefits of a sauna include:
Heart and circulation - Research indicates a strong correlation between frequent sauna use and improved cardiovascular outcomes. A key Finnish study observed that participants who used a sauna 4 to 7 times per week experienced significantly lower rates of sudden cardiac death and cardiovascular mortality compared to those with less frequent sessions.
The primary mechanism behind sauna’s cardiovascular benefits is thermoregulation. As your core temperature rises, your blood vessels undergo vasodilation—they widen to facilitate heat loss through the skin. This process increases circulation and cardiac output in a manner comparable to mild physical exertion. Over time, this adaptive response may contribute to lowered resting blood pressure and improved vascular function.
Muscle recovery and pain relief - For individuals experiencing chronic low back pain, infrared sauna therapy shows promise in providing symptomatic relief. A 2009 clinical study specifically noted improvements in pain and mobility among patients with inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis following regular sauna sessions.
Additionally, studies suggest that the vasodilation and increased circulation induced by sauna bathing may accelerate the clearance of metabolic waste post-exercise, thereby reducing delayed-onset muscle soreness. For individuals with arthritis or chronic pain conditions, the deep tissue warmth may help decrease joint stiffness and improve mobility by increasing synovial fluid circulation.
Stress and mental health - The physiological response to heat including vasodilation and increased heart rate, can induce a parasympathetic nervous system response post-session, which people often describe as a deep sense of calm and mental clarity, aiding in stress reduction.
Research indicates that the heat-induced relaxation response can lead to a measurable reduction in cortisol levels. This physiological shift is associated with improved mood states in clinical observations and a lower incidence of depressive symptoms in long-term studies. Patient-reported outcomes frequently include significant improvements in sleep quality, particularly following sessions in the evening.
Brain health
Large-scale observational studies from Finland suggest a correlation between regular sauna bathing and a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease.
Respiratory health
The inhalation of warm, humid air can help loosen mucus in the nasal passages and airways, potentially easing congestion. Large observational studies have noted an association between regular sauna use and a reduced incidence of respiratory infections like pneumonia.
Skin
The induced perspiration helps to flush impurities from pores, while the accompanying vasodilation delivers a surge of oxygenated blood to the skin’s surface, resulting in a temporary improvement in complexion and a healthy radiance. Regular Finnish sauna use helps your skin retain moisture, strengthens its natural protective layer, and reduces oiliness on the forehead, leading to clearer and healthier-looking skin.
Possible longevity link
Large-scale observational studies have linked the practice of regular sauna use to a reduction in all-cause mortality, suggesting a potential long-term protective effect for overall health.
Sauna during cancer treatment
The American Cancer Society notes that some clinical studies have observed enhanced efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy treatments when combined with localised hyperthermia, a precisely controlled medical procedure. It is crucial for patients to understand that this differs significantly from recreational sauna use. While the underlying thermal mechanism may suggest theoretical benefits, current evidence does not support substituting medically supervised hyperthermia with traditional or infrared saunas as part of cancer treatment protocols. Patients interested in complementary approaches should consult their oncology team before incorporating sauna bathing.
What should you wear in the sauna?
In a sauna, your body sweats to cool itself. Most swimwear is made from polyester, nylon, or lycra. Synthetic fabrics trap that moisture against your skin, blocking this natural process and making you feel hotter. The trapped heat and moisture can also encourage bacteria. Some suits even have metal parts that can get hot enough to burn skin. For real comfort, wear natural fabrics. They let sweat evaporate, helping your body regulate its temperature the way it’s meant to.
Synthetic fabrics also shed microplastics. Heat and friction in the sauna cause these tiny plastic particles to break off and become airborne. They can be inhaled or settle on your skin, where they may be absorbed. This is especially concerning if you’re using the sauna for detoxification. These materials are also non-biodegradable, adding to environmental pollution.
Traditionally, saunas are meant to be used nude. Some cultures, like in Turkey, use a light cotton wrap. But many modern saunas, especially mixed- gender ones, require swimwear. The best choice is a suit made of natural fibres like cotton or linen, which breathe better than synthetic materials. I'm fan of Earthcove which is made of organic cotton - 15% discount of swimsuits using code TORAL15.
Returning to the sauna after breast cancer surgery
Before using a sauna after breast cancer surgery, wait until your incision is completely healed. Recovery time depends on your specific surgery, especially if you had reconstruction or drains. Most doctors recommend avoiding saunas, steam rooms, and hot tubs until they say it’s safe. If you had lymph nodes removed or are at risk for lymphoedema, ask your specialist about heat. Some studies suggest saunas might increase arm swelling. If your doctor approves, to start slowly and stop immediately if you notice any swelling or discomfort.
Avoid sauna use while your incision is still healing, your radiated skin is irritated, or you feel unwell
For more support to return to sauna, download my free return to sauna guide here.
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